145 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
145 lines
4.4 KiB
Markdown
---
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Classes:
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- IT Foundations
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---
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# Postgresql
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Postgresql is a popular open-source relational database, and is widely available on Linux.
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**Note:** A graphical interface for postgresql is something that will need to be installed separately, the only way to interact with the database that is installed by default is the `psql` command. To install the pgAdmin GUI program see [pgAdmin](#pgadmin) below.
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## Install
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All linux distributions package postgresql and you can just install the relevant package. Some common examples are below:
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### Arch
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```sh
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sudo pacman -S postgresql
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# Initialise Server Data
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sudo -u postgres initdb -D '/var/lib/postgres/data'
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```
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### Debian/Mint/Ubuntu
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```sh
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sudo apt install postgresql
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```
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### Fedora
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```sh
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sudo dnf install postgresql-server
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# Initialise Server Data
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sudo /usr/bin/postgresql-setup --initdb
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```
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## Setup
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First make sure postgres is running:
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```sh
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systemctl status postgresql.service
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```
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If not, start it with:
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```sh
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sudo systemctl start postgresql.service
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```
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If you want it to start on boot, you can enable it with:
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```sh
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sudo systemctl enable postgresql.service
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```
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To stop it from starting on boot, replace enable with disable.
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Initially the postgres database user will not have a password to allow access. To access the database run the following:
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```sh
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sudo -u postgres psql
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```
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From here you can do initial setup.
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For a simple setup where you just want to access from a client like pgAdmin, you can set a password for the `postgres` user with the following query:
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```sql
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ALTER USER postgres WITH PASSWORD 'new_password';
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```
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When done you can exit with the `\q` command.
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# pgAdmin
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pgAdmin is a graphical interface to configure and query postgresql.
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## Install
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Most linux distributions don't include pgAdmin from their default repositories, but we can either use pgAdmin's official repositories, or it is available as a flatpak:
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### Flatpak (universal)
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If you wish to install through flatpak ensure flatpak is setup, see [Flatpak](Flatpak.md) for details if not.
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If you have a graphical software manager/store it should be available there, to install via command-line:
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```sh
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flatpak install org.pgadmin.pgadmin4
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```
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### Arch (AUR Package)
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```sh
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yay -S pgadmin4-server-bin pgadmin4-desktop-bin
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```
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### Debian/Ubuntu
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```sh
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# Install the public key for the repository (if not done previously):
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curl -fsS https://www.pgadmin.org/static/packages_pgadmin_org.pub | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/packages-pgadmin-org.gpg
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# Create the repository configuration file:
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echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/packages-pgadmin-org.gpg] https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/apt/$(lsb_release -cs) pgadmin4 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgadmin4.list
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# Refresh package list
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sudo apt update
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# Install pgAdmin
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sudo apt install pgadmin4-desktop
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```
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### Fedora
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```sh
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# Add the pgadmin repository
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sudo rpm -i https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/yum/pgadmin4-fedora-repo-2-1.noarch.rpm
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# Install pgAdmin
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sudo dnf install pgadmin4-desktop
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```
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### Linux Mint
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```sh
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# Install the public key for the repository (if not done previously):
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curl -fsS https://www.pgadmin.org/static/packages_pgadmin_org.pub | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/packages-pgadmin-org.gpg
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# Create the repository configuration file:
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echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/packages-pgadmin-org.gpg] https://ftp.postgresql.org/pub/pgadmin/pgadmin4/apt/noble pgadmin4 main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgadmin4.list
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# Refresh package list
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sudo apt update
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# Install pgAdmin
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sudo apt install pgadmin4-desktop
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```
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## Setup
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### Initial Setup
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First you will need to register your running server:
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In the General tab enter a name for your postgres server, then in the connection tab enter `localhost` for Hostname/address and enter the password for the postgres user:
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Now click save and pgAdmin should be ready to use as normal!
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### PSQL Tool Setup
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You may need to point pgAdmin to your binary path, so that it knows where to find the `psql` tool.
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In File -> Preferences, under "Binary paths", in the "PostgeSQL Binary Path" put `/usr/bin` for the version of postgres install, and click the Validate button (Clipboard with a checkmark) to ensure it works.
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Click the Save button in the top left, and the PSQL tool should now function.
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